diff --git a/docs/external-plugin-guide.md b/docs/external-plugin-guide.md
index a01fed1..058c21f 100644
--- a/docs/external-plugin-guide.md
+++ b/docs/external-plugin-guide.md
@@ -557,19 +557,22 @@ interface BetterSidebarService {
   getFileViewers(): readonly FileViewerDescriptor[]
   /** 当前已注册的文件图标描述符快照（v0.19.0+） */
   getFileIcons(): readonly FileIconDescriptor[]
-  /** 按 path 匹配**具体扩展名**注册（priority 降序、注册序；不查 catch-all
-   *  与 folder 保留值）。消费方一般直接用 fileIcon/folderIcon 全链解析器。 */
+  /** 按 path 匹配**具体**注册（priority 降序、注册序）：先 names 文件名，再
+   *  具体扩展名；不查 catch-all 与 folder 保留值。消费方一般直接用
+   *  fileIcon/folderIcon 全链解析器。 */
   matchFileIcon(path: string): FileIconDescriptor | undefined
-  /** 匹配目录行注册（'folder'/'folder-open' 保留扩展名；priority 降序、注册序；
-   *  返回 undefined = 回退内置 VscFolder/VscFolderOpened） */
-  matchFolderIcon(open: boolean): FileIconDescriptor | undefined
+  /** 匹配目录行注册：先按 folderNames 匹配目录名（name 传 basename，可省），
+   *  再按 'folder'/'folder-open' 保留扩展名；priority 降序、注册序；
+   *  返回 undefined = 回退内置 VscFolder/VscFolderOpened */
+  matchFolderIcon(open: boolean, name?: string): FileIconDescriptor | undefined
   /** 文件图标权威解析器（v0.19.0+），完整回退链：
-   *  ① 具体扩展名注册 → ② 内置 glyph（md/媒体/pdf/json/代码/配置/数据库/lock/压缩包）
+   *  ① 具体 names/扩展名注册 → ② 内置 glyph（md/媒体/pdf/json/代码/配置/数据库/lock/压缩包）
    *  → ③ 最优 catch-all 注册（exts: []，即全局默认）→ ④ 通用 VscFile。
    *  任一注册工厂抛错都会被吞（console.error 后跳下一级），永远返回有效 ReactNode。 */
   fileIcon(path: string, size: number): ReactNode
-  /** 目录图标解析器：注册的 'folder'（闭合）/'folder-open'（展开）图标 →
-   *  内置 VscFolder/VscFolderOpened；path 为目录自身路径（主题可按目录变化）。 */
+  /** 目录图标解析器：注册的 folderNames/'folder'（闭合）/'folder-open'（展开）图标 →
+   *  内置 VscFolder/VscFolderOpened；path 为目录自身路径（主题可按目录变化），
+   *  open 会传给工厂，一条注册即可渲染开/合两态。 */
   folderIcon(path: string, open: boolean, size: number): ReactNode
   /** 按 id 查 tab 描述符 */
   getTab(id: string): TabDescriptor | undefined
@@ -646,14 +649,23 @@ interface FileIconDescriptor {
    *  而非文件扩展名：'folder'（闭合目录）、'folder-open'（展开目录）——
    *  它们不会匹配真实文件（名为 x.folder 的文件不受影响）。
    *  [] = catch-all 全局默认：只兜内置 glyph 没认领的扩展名（注册的具体
-   *  扩展名与内置 glyph 永远优先于它）。 */
-  exts: readonly string[]
+   *  names/扩展名与内置 glyph 永远优先于它）。
+   *  **省略** = 完全没有扩展名规则（只有 names 的注册不是 catch-all）。 */
+  exts?: readonly string[]
+  /** 精确**文件名**（basename，大小写不敏感，如 ['package.json','Dockerfile']）——
+   *  图标主题的 fileNames 半边；命中优先于扩展名。省略/[] = 无文件名规则。 */
+  names?: readonly string[]
+  /** 精确**目录名**（basename，大小写不敏感，如 ['node_modules','src']）——
+   *  图标主题的 folderNames 半边；命中优先于保留扩展名，且**只认领列出的
+   *  目录**（要接管所有目录请用 'folder'/'folder-open'）。省略/[] = 无规则。 */
+  folderNames?: readonly string[]
   /** priority 高者胜，缺省 0（同级按注册先后） */
   priority?: number
   /** 尺寸感知的图标工厂（文件树/文件 tab 当前以 size=14 渲染）。
    *  与内置图标（currentColor 单色，遵循皮肤契约）不同，注册图标可以是
-   *  任意 ReactNode——包括彩色图标；颜色在皮肤间的表现由注册方自行负责。 */
-  icon: (path: string, size: number) => ReactNode
+   *  任意 ReactNode——包括彩色图标；颜色在皮肤间的表现由注册方自行负责。
+   *  open：目录行的展开态（文件行为 undefined），一条注册即可渲染开/合两态。 */
+  icon: (path: string, size: number, open?: boolean) => ReactNode
 }
 ```
 
@@ -670,9 +682,23 @@ if (ctx.betterSidebar.features.includes('fileIcons')) {
   )
   ctx.effect(() =>
     ctx.betterSidebar.registerFileIcon({
-      id: 'my-plugin:folders',
-      exts: ['folder'], // 闭合目录行；['folder-open'] 认领展开行——
-      icon: (path, size) => <MyFolderIcon size={size} />, // 开/合图标不同就注册两条
+      id: 'my-plugin:names', // 精确文件名：package.json 与别的 .json 区分开
+      names: ['package.json', 'Dockerfile'],
+      icon: (path, size) => <MyBrandIcon size={size} />,
+    })
+  )
+  ctx.effect(() =>
+    ctx.betterSidebar.registerFileIcon({
+      id: 'my-plugin:folders', // 只认领列出的目录名
+      folderNames: ['node_modules', 'src'],
+      icon: (path, size, open) => open === true ? <MyOpenFolderIcon size={size} /> : <MyFolderIcon size={size} />,
+    })
+  )
+  ctx.effect(() =>
+    ctx.betterSidebar.registerFileIcon({
+      id: 'my-plugin:all-folders', // 接管所有目录行（保留扩展名）
+      exts: ['folder', 'folder-open'],
+      icon: (path, size, open) => open === true ? <MyOpenFolderIcon size={size} /> : <MyFolderIcon size={size} />,
     })
   )
   ctx.effect(() =>
@@ -688,10 +714,10 @@ if (ctx.betterSidebar.features.includes('fileIcons')) {
 **消费表面与回退链**（由本插件内置消费，插件无需自己接线）：
 
 - 文件树文件行 / 编辑器文件 tab（每个文件独立窗口）：`fileIcon(path, size)`
-  ——具体扩展名注册 → 内置 glyph（markdown/媒体/pdf/json/代码/配置/数据库/lock/压缩包）
+  ——具体 `names`/扩展名注册 → 内置 glyph（markdown/媒体/pdf/json/代码/配置/数据库/lock/压缩包）
   → catch-all 全局默认 → 通用 `VscFile`。
-- 文件树目录行（含根行）：`folderIcon(path, open, size)`——`'folder'`/`'folder-open'`
-  注册 → 内置 `VscFolder`/`VscFolderOpened`。
+- 文件树目录行（含根行）：`folderIcon(path, open, size)`——`folderNames` 命中
+  → `'folder'`/`'folder-open'` 保留扩展名 → 内置 `VscFolder`/`VscFolderOpened`。
 
 注册/注销即时生效（文件树与 tab 栏订阅注册表变化自动重渲染）；图标工厂抛错会被吞掉
 （console.error 后跳到回退链下一级），不会空白行。
diff --git a/src/client/service.ts b/src/client/service.ts
index 87bd6c2..b733cad 100644
--- a/src/client/service.ts
+++ b/src/client/service.ts
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ import {
   type SidebarSnapshot, type SidebarState, type SidebarStore, type SidebarTab,
 } from './state.ts'
 import { isNarrowWidth } from './breakpoints.ts'
-import { extOf } from './paths.ts'
+import { baseName, extOf } from './paths.ts'
 import { builtinFileIconOf, builtinFolderIcon, fallbackFileIcon } from './file-icons.tsx'
 import type { SessionScope } from './api.ts'
 import type { SidebarPrefs } from '../prefs-shared.ts'
@@ -339,15 +339,36 @@ export interface FileIconDescriptor {
    * Lowercase extensions without leading dot (`['csv','tsv']`). `[]` = the
    * global default (catch-all): it only claims files the built-in glyph map
    * does not cover — registered specifics and built-in glyphs always outrank
-   * it. Two values are RESERVED for directory rows (never matched against
-   * real file extensions): `'folder'` (a closed directory) and
-   * `'folder-open'` (an expanded directory) — see `FOLDER_EXT`.
+   * it. OMITTED = no extension rule at all (a `names`-only registration is
+   * NOT a catch-all). Two values are RESERVED for directory rows (never
+   * matched against real file extensions): `'folder'` (a closed directory)
+   * and `'folder-open'` (an expanded directory) — see `FOLDER_EXT`.
    */
-  exts: readonly string[]
+  exts?: readonly string[]
+  /**
+   * Exact FILE names (basename, case-insensitive — `['package.json',
+   * 'Dockerfile']`), the `fileNames` half of an icon theme. Name matches
+   * outrank extension matches, so a theme can color `package.json` apart
+   * from every other `.json`. Omitted/`[]` = no name rule.
+   */
+  names?: readonly string[]
+  /**
+   * Exact DIRECTORY names (basename, case-insensitive — `['node_modules',
+   * 'src']`), the `folderNames` half of an icon theme. A name match outranks
+   * the reserved `'folder'`/`'folder-open'` exts, and a descriptor with
+   * `folderNames` only claims the directories it names (never every folder —
+   * that is what the reserved exts are for). Omitted/`[]` = no name rule.
+   */
+  folderNames?: readonly string[]
   /** Higher wins; default 0. Registered icons always outrank the built-in map. */
   priority?: number
-  /** Size-aware icon factory (the tree and file tabs render at 14 today). */
-  icon: (path: string, size: number) => ReactNode
+  /**
+   * Size-aware icon factory (the tree and file tabs render at 14 today).
+   * `open` is the directory's expanded state for a DIRECTORY row and
+   * `undefined` for a file row — a folder icon uses it to pick between the
+   * closed and opened glyph.
+   */
+  icon: (path: string, size: number, open?: boolean) => ReactNode
 }
 
 /**
@@ -389,23 +410,26 @@ export interface BetterSidebarService {
   getFileIcons(): readonly FileIconDescriptor[]
   /**
    * Find a SPECIFIC registered file icon for a path (priority desc, then
-   * registration order). Catch-alls (`exts: []`) and folder registrations
-   * (`'folder'`/`'folder-open'`) are not consulted — this answers "did a
-   * registration claim this exact extension". Consumers should prefer
+   * registration order): a `names` match first, then an `exts` match.
+   * Catch-alls (`exts: []`) and folder registrations (`'folder'`/
+   * `'folder-open'`) are not consulted — this answers "did a registration
+   * claim this exact name or extension". Consumers should prefer
    * `fileIcon`/`folderIcon`, which run the whole fallback chain.
    */
   matchFileIcon(path: string): FileIconDescriptor | undefined
   /**
    * Find the registered icon for DIRECTORY rows (priority desc, then
-   * registration order): `open` picks between the `'folder'` and
-   * `'folder-open'` reserved exts. Undefined = fall back to the built-in
-   * VSCodicons folder glyphs.
+   * registration order): a `folderNames` match on `name` first (pass the
+   * directory's basename), then the `'folder'`/`'folder-open'` reserved
+   * exts by `open`. Undefined = fall back to the built-in VSCodicons folder
+   * glyphs.
    */
-  matchFolderIcon(open: boolean): FileIconDescriptor | undefined
+  matchFolderIcon(open: boolean, name?: string): FileIconDescriptor | undefined
   /**
    * The authoritative FILE icon for a path (feature `fileIcons`), running
    * the whole chain with per-factory crash isolation:
-   * 1. a specific registered extension (priority desc, registration order),
+   * 1. a specific registered name or extension (priority desc, registration
+   *    order),
    * 2. the built-in monochrome glyph map (md/media/pdf/json/code/...),
    * 3. the best registered global default (`exts: []`, priority desc),
    * 4. the generic `VscFile`.
@@ -415,9 +439,11 @@ export interface BetterSidebarService {
   fileIcon(path: string, size: number): ReactNode
   /**
    * The authoritative DIRECTORY icon for a tree row: the registered
-   * `'folder'`/`'folder-open'` icon (priority desc), else the built-in
-   * `VscFolder`/`VscFolderOpened`. `path` is the directory's own path (a
-   * theme may vary icons per directory). Same crash isolation as `fileIcon`.
+   * `folderNames`/`'folder'`/`'folder-open'` icon (priority desc), else the
+   * built-in `VscFolder`/`VscFolderOpened`. `path` is the directory's own
+   * path (a theme may vary icons per directory); `open` reaches the factory
+   * so one descriptor can render both states. Same crash isolation as
+   * `fileIcon`.
    */
   folderIcon(path: string, open: boolean, size: number): ReactNode
   /** Find a tab descriptor by id (undefined if not registered). */
@@ -555,7 +581,8 @@ export const SIDEBAR_SERVICE_VERSION = '0.18.1'
  *   id focus targets RAISE the floating window (never duplicate the tab or
  *   expand panels), closeTab on a floating tab closes it with its window.
  * - 'fileIcons' (v0.19.0): registerFileIcon/getFileIcons/matchFileIcon —
- *   external per-extension file-tree icons overriding the built-in glyphs.
+ *   external file-tree icons overriding the built-in glyphs, by extension
+ *   (`exts`), exact file name (`names`), or directory name (`folderNames`).
  */
 export const SIDEBAR_FEATURES = [
   'badge',
@@ -655,45 +682,60 @@ export function createBetterSidebarService(store: SidebarStore): BetterSidebarSe
 
   // Specific registrations only: catch-alls (`exts: []`) and folder
   // registrations (`'folder'`/`'folder-open'`) are skipped, and the reserved
-  // folder values never match a real file's extension. The built-in glyph
-  // map is not consulted here — an undefined result IS the "fall through"
-  // signal the `fileIcon` resolver acts on.
+  // folder values never match a real file's extension. Name rules (`names`)
+  // outrank extension rules. The built-in glyph map is not consulted here —
+  // an undefined result IS the "fall through" signal the `fileIcon` resolver
+  // acts on.
   const matchFileIcon = (path: string): FileIconDescriptor | undefined => {
     const ext = extOf(path)
     // Reserved folder values never claim a real file: `x.folder` falls
     // through to the built-in/catch-all chain like any unknown extension.
-    if (ext === FOLDER_EXT || ext === FOLDER_OPEN_EXT) return undefined
-    for (const d of rankedFileIcons()) {
-      if (d.exts.includes(ext)) return d
+    const reserved = ext === FOLDER_EXT || ext === FOLDER_OPEN_EXT
+    const name = baseName(path).toLowerCase()
+    const ranked = rankedFileIcons()
+    for (const d of ranked) {
+      if (d.names?.some(entry => entry.toLowerCase() === name) === true) return d
+    }
+    if (reserved) return undefined
+    for (const d of ranked) {
+      if (d.exts?.includes(ext) === true) return d
     }
     return undefined
   }
 
-  // Directory rows have no extension: the reserved `'folder'`/`'folder-open'`
-  // exts are the only claim surface (a catch-all never claims a directory).
-  const matchFolderIcon = (open: boolean): FileIconDescriptor | undefined => {
+  // Directory rows: a `folderNames` match on the directory's own basename
+  // first, then the reserved `'folder'`/`'folder-open'` exts (a catch-all
+  // never claims a directory).
+  const matchFolderIcon = (open: boolean, name?: string): FileIconDescriptor | undefined => {
+    const ranked = rankedFileIcons()
+    if (name !== undefined) {
+      const wanted = name.toLowerCase()
+      for (const d of ranked) {
+        if (d.folderNames?.some(entry => entry.toLowerCase() === wanted) === true) return d
+      }
+    }
     const want = open ? FOLDER_OPEN_EXT : FOLDER_EXT
-    for (const d of rankedFileIcons()) {
-      if (d.exts.includes(want)) return d
+    for (const d of ranked) {
+      if (d.exts?.includes(want) === true) return d
     }
     return undefined
   }
 
   /** Run one registered factory; a throw is logged and returns undefined. */
-  const safeIcon = (d: FileIconDescriptor, path: string, size: number): ReactNode => {
+  const safeIcon = (d: FileIconDescriptor, path: string, size: number, open?: boolean): ReactNode => {
     try {
-      return d.icon(path, size)
+      return d.icon(path, size, open)
     } catch (error) {
       console.error(`[dsh-better-sidebar] file icon factory "${d.id}" error:`, error)
       return undefined
     }
   }
 
-  // The authoritative file-icon chain (see the interface doc): specific
-  // registration → built-in glyph → best catch-all → stock VscFile. The
-  // catch-all ranks by priority desc then registration order (first wins);
-  // an unclaimed extension reaching it is exactly "nothing specified falls
-  // back to the (registered or stock) default".
+  // The authoritative file-icon chain (see the interface doc): specific name
+  // or extension registration → built-in glyph → best catch-all → stock
+  // VscFile. The catch-all ranks by priority desc then registration order
+  // (first wins); an unclaimed extension reaching it is exactly "nothing
+  // specified falls back to the (registered or stock) default".
   const fileIcon = (path: string, size: number): ReactNode => {
     const specific = matchFileIcon(path)
     if (specific !== undefined) {
@@ -703,7 +745,7 @@ export function createBetterSidebarService(store: SidebarStore): BetterSidebarSe
     const builtin = builtinFileIconOf(path)
     if (builtin !== undefined) return builtin(size)
     for (const d of rankedFileIcons()) {
-      if (d.exts.length === 0) {
+      if (d.exts !== undefined && d.exts.length === 0) {
         const icon = safeIcon(d, path, size)
         if (icon !== undefined) return icon
       }
@@ -711,13 +753,14 @@ export function createBetterSidebarService(store: SidebarStore): BetterSidebarSe
     return fallbackFileIcon(size)
   }
 
-  // Directory rows: registered folder/folder-open icon, else the built-in
-  // VSCodicons glyphs. The row's path feeds the factory (a theme may vary
-  // icons per directory).
+  // Directory rows: registered folderNames/folder/folder-open icon, else the
+  // built-in VSCodicons glyphs. The row's path feeds the factory (a theme may
+  // vary icons per directory) and `open` lets one descriptor render both
+  // states.
   const folderIcon = (path: string, open: boolean, size: number): ReactNode => {
-    const registered = matchFolderIcon(open)
+    const registered = matchFolderIcon(open, baseName(path))
     if (registered !== undefined) {
-      const icon = safeIcon(registered, path, size)
+      const icon = safeIcon(registered, path, size, open)
       if (icon !== undefined) return icon
     }
     return builtinFolderIcon(open, size)
diff --git a/tests/consumer-types.ts b/tests/consumer-types.ts
index f35f92d..4d0d06b 100644
--- a/tests/consumer-types.ts
+++ b/tests/consumer-types.ts
@@ -132,9 +132,11 @@ service.openFile({ sessionId: 's1', cwd: '/p' }, '/p/a.csv', 'Data')
 const icon: FileIconDescriptor = {
   id: 'my-plugin:icons',
   exts: ['csv', FOLDER_EXT, FOLDER_OPEN_EXT],
+  names: ['package.json'],
+  folderNames: ['node_modules'],
   priority: 5,
-  icon: (path: string, size: number) => {
-    void path; void size
+  icon: (path: string, size: number, open?: boolean) => {
+    void path; void size; void open
     return null
   },
 }
@@ -142,6 +144,7 @@ service.registerFileIcon(icon)
 service.getFileIcons()
 service.matchFileIcon('/p/a.csv')
 service.matchFolderIcon(true)
+service.matchFolderIcon(true, 'node_modules')
 service.fileIcon('/p/a.csv', 14)
 service.folderIcon('/p', true, 14)
 
diff --git a/tests/file-icons.spec.tsx b/tests/file-icons.spec.tsx
index 942cb32..ec1a60a 100644
--- a/tests/file-icons.spec.tsx
+++ b/tests/file-icons.spec.tsx
@@ -172,6 +172,57 @@ describe('fileIcon resolver chain (specific → builtin → catch-all → VscFil
   })
 })
 
+describe('name matching (names / folderNames — the icon-theme half)', () => {
+  it('a names rule claims the exact basename, case-insensitively', () => {
+    const service = createBetterSidebarService(createSidebarStore())
+    service.registerFileIcon({ id: 'npm', names: ['package.json'], icon: marker })
+    expect(service.matchFileIcon('/w/package.json')?.id).toBe('npm')
+    expect(service.matchFileIcon('/w/Package.JSON')?.id).toBe('npm')
+    expect(service.matchFileIcon('/w/pkg.json')).toBeUndefined()
+  })
+
+  it('a name rule outranks an extension rule and the built-in glyph', () => {
+    const service = createBetterSidebarService(createSidebarStore())
+    service.registerFileIcon({ id: 'by-ext', exts: ['json'], icon: markerB })
+    service.registerFileIcon({ id: 'by-name', names: ['package.json'], icon: marker })
+    expect(service.matchFileIcon('/w/package.json')?.id).toBe('by-name')
+    expect(glyphOf(service.fileIcon('/w/package.json', 14))).toBe('span')
+    // Other json files still take the extension rule.
+    expect(glyphOf(service.fileIcon('/w/tsconfig.json', 14))).toBe('b')
+  })
+
+  it('a folderNames rule claims only the directories it names, and outranks the reserved exts', () => {
+    const service = createBetterSidebarService(createSidebarStore())
+    service.registerFileIcon({ id: 'all-dirs', exts: ['folder', 'folder-open'], icon: markerB })
+    service.registerFileIcon({ id: 'named', folderNames: ['node_modules'], icon: marker })
+    expect(service.matchFolderIcon(false, 'node_modules')?.id).toBe('named')
+    expect(service.matchFolderIcon(false, 'NODE_MODULES')?.id).toBe('named')
+    // An unnamed directory still takes the reserved-ext registration.
+    expect(service.matchFolderIcon(false, 'src')?.id).toBe('all-dirs')
+    // A descriptor with folderNames only never claims unnamed directories.
+    const solo = createBetterSidebarService(createSidebarStore())
+    solo.registerFileIcon({ id: 'named', folderNames: ['src'], icon: marker })
+    expect(solo.matchFolderIcon(false, 'lib')).toBeUndefined()
+    expect(glyphOf(solo.folderIcon('/w/lib', false, 14))).toBe(VscFolder)
+  })
+
+  it('the folder factory receives the open flag so one descriptor renders both states', () => {
+    const service = createBetterSidebarService(createSidebarStore())
+    const seen: (boolean | undefined)[] = []
+    service.registerFileIcon({
+      id: 'stateful',
+      folderNames: ['src'],
+      icon: (_path, _size, open) => {
+        seen.push(open)
+        return open === true ? marker() : markerB()
+      },
+    })
+    expect(glyphOf(service.folderIcon('/w/src', false, 14))).toBe('b')
+    expect(glyphOf(service.folderIcon('/w/src', true, 14))).toBe('span')
+    expect(seen).toEqual([false, true])
+  })
+})
+
 describe('folderIcon resolver (registered folder/folder-open → builtin glyphs)', () => {
   it('unregistered directories show the builtin glyphs', () => {
     const service = createBetterSidebarService(createSidebarStore())