Publish hermes-skills-productivity via gitea-publish skill
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---
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name: pdf
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description: "Create, merge, split, fill, and secure PDF files."
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version: 1.0.0
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author: Anthropic (adapted by Nous Research)
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license: Proprietary. LICENSE.txt has complete terms
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platforms: [linux, macos, windows]
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metadata:
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hermes:
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tags: [PDF, Documents, Forms, Office, Productivity]
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category: productivity
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related_skills: [ocr-and-documents, nano-pdf, docx, xlsx]
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---
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# PDF Skill
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Create, combine, split, transform, and secure PDF files — merging, page manipulation, form filling, watermarks, encryption, and text/table extraction. For heavy text extraction from scanned documents prefer the `ocr-and-documents` skill; for natural-language edits to existing PDF text prefer `nano-pdf`.
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## When to Use
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Use this skill whenever the user wants to do anything with PDF files: reading or extracting text/tables, combining or merging multiple PDFs, splitting PDFs apart, rotating pages, adding watermarks, creating new PDFs, filling PDF forms, encrypting/decrypting, extracting images, or OCR on scanned PDFs. If the user mentions a .pdf file or asks to produce one, use this skill.
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## Prerequisites
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```bash
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pip install pypdf pdfplumber reportlab
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which pdftotext || sudo apt install -y poppler-utils # pdftotext, pdftoppm, pdfimages
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which qpdf || sudo apt install -y qpdf # CLI merge/split/decrypt
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```
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macOS: `brew install poppler qpdf`. OCR extras: `pip install pytesseract pdf2image` + `sudo apt install -y tesseract-ocr`.
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> Script paths below are relative to this skill's directory. Form filling has its own workflow — read [forms.md](forms.md) and follow it. Advanced library usage (pypdfium2, pdf-lib) and troubleshooting: [reference.md](reference.md).
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## Quick Reference
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| Task | Best Tool | Command/Code |
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|------|-----------|--------------|
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| Merge PDFs | pypdf | `writer.add_page(page)` per page |
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| Split PDFs | pypdf | One page per file |
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| Extract text | pdfplumber | `page.extract_text()` |
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| Extract tables | pdfplumber | `page.extract_tables()` |
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| Create PDFs | reportlab | Canvas or Platypus |
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| Command-line merge/split | qpdf | `qpdf --empty --pages ...` |
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| OCR scanned PDFs | pytesseract | Convert to images first (or use `ocr-and-documents`) |
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| Fill PDF forms | see [forms.md](forms.md) | `scripts/fill_fillable_fields.py` etc. |
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| Edit existing text | `nano-pdf` skill | `nano-pdf edit file.pdf <page> "<instruction>"` |
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## Common operations
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### Merge / split / rotate (pypdf)
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```python
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from pypdf import PdfReader, PdfWriter
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# Merge
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writer = PdfWriter()
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for pdf_file in ["doc1.pdf", "doc2.pdf"]:
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for page in PdfReader(pdf_file).pages:
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writer.add_page(page)
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with open("merged.pdf", "wb") as f:
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writer.write(f)
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# Split: one file per page
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reader = PdfReader("input.pdf")
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for i, page in enumerate(reader.pages):
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w = PdfWriter(); w.add_page(page)
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with open(f"page_{i+1}.pdf", "wb") as f:
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w.write(f)
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# Rotate
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page = reader.pages[0]
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page.rotate(90) # clockwise
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```
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### Extract text and tables (pdfplumber)
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```python
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import pdfplumber, pandas as pd
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with pdfplumber.open("document.pdf") as pdf:
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text = "\n".join(page.extract_text() or "" for page in pdf.pages)
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tables = [pd.DataFrame(t[1:], columns=t[0])
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for page in pdf.pages
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for t in page.extract_tables() if t]
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```
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### Create PDFs (reportlab)
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```python
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from reportlab.lib.pagesizes import letter
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from reportlab.platypus import SimpleDocTemplate, Paragraph, Spacer, PageBreak
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from reportlab.lib.styles import getSampleStyleSheet
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doc = SimpleDocTemplate("report.pdf", pagesize=letter)
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styles = getSampleStyleSheet()
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story = [Paragraph("Report Title", styles["Title"]), Spacer(1, 12),
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Paragraph("Body text...", styles["Normal"]), PageBreak(),
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Paragraph("Page 2", styles["Heading1"])]
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doc.build(story)
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```
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**Subscripts/superscripts:** never use Unicode sub/superscript characters (₀₁₂, ⁰¹²) — the built-in fonts lack the glyphs and render solid black boxes. Use `<sub>`/`<super>` markup inside `Paragraph` objects: `Paragraph("H<sub>2</sub>O", styles['Normal'])`. For canvas-drawn text, adjust font size and position manually.
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### Command-line tools
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```bash
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pdftotext -layout input.pdf output.txt # text, layout preserved
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pdftotext -f 1 -l 5 input.pdf output.txt # pages 1-5
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qpdf --empty --pages file1.pdf file2.pdf -- merged.pdf # merge
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qpdf input.pdf --pages . 1-5 -- pages1-5.pdf # split range
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qpdf input.pdf output.pdf --rotate=+90:1 # rotate page 1
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qpdf --password=pw --decrypt encrypted.pdf decrypted.pdf # remove password
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pdfimages -j input.pdf img # extract images
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```
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### Watermark
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```python
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from pypdf import PdfReader, PdfWriter
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watermark = PdfReader("watermark.pdf").pages[0]
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reader, writer = PdfReader("document.pdf"), PdfWriter()
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for page in reader.pages:
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page.merge_page(watermark)
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writer.add_page(page)
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with open("watermarked.pdf", "wb") as f:
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writer.write(f)
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```
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### Password protection
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```python
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writer.encrypt("userpassword", "ownerpassword")
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```
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### OCR scanned PDFs
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```python
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import pytesseract
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from pdf2image import convert_from_path
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pages = convert_from_path("scanned.pdf")
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text = "\n\n".join(pytesseract.image_to_string(img) for img in pages)
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```
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For batch/structured extraction from scans, the `ocr-and-documents` skill (pymupdf, marker-pdf) is the better path.
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## Form filling
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Read [forms.md](forms.md) first — it distinguishes fillable (AcroForm) PDFs from flat scanned forms and walks through the helper scripts:
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- `scripts/check_fillable_fields.py` — does the PDF have AcroForm fields?
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- `scripts/extract_form_field_info.py` / `scripts/extract_form_structure.py` — enumerate fields
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- `scripts/fill_fillable_fields.py` — fill AcroForm fields
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- `scripts/fill_pdf_form_with_annotations.py` — overlay text on flat forms
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- `scripts/check_bounding_boxes.py`, `scripts/create_validation_image.py` — verify placement visually
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## Pitfalls
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- `page.extract_text()` returns `None` on image-only pages — guard with `or ""` and fall back to OCR.
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- pypdf preserves encryption flags: reading an encrypted PDF requires `PdfReader(path, password=...)` before pages are accessible.
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- reportlab coordinates are bottom-left origin, points (1/72″) — not top-left.
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- When filling flat forms by annotation overlay, always render a validation image and check the placement before delivering.
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## Verification
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1. Open the output with `PdfReader` and assert the expected page count.
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2. Re-extract text from the output (`pdftotext` or pdfplumber) and confirm the content you added is present.
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3. For anything visual (watermarks, filled forms, created reports): `pdftoppm -jpeg -r 100 output.pdf page` and inspect the images with `vision_analyze`.
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## Related skills
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`ocr-and-documents` (scanned-document text extraction), `nano-pdf` (NL text edits in place), `docx` (Word), `xlsx` (spreadsheets), `powerpoint` (decks).
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